Why Genre is VITAL to Independent Film Marketing & Distribution

This is a topic that’s a little basic, but it’s a fundamental building block of understanding how to market your film. So I thought I would do a breakdown of why genre is so important to independent filmmakers in terms of marketing and distribution.  I do touch on in my book The Guerrilla Rep: American Film Market Distribution Success on No Budget, but even there I only cover it in a sense as it pertains to the market.  Let’s get started. 
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Before we begin, we should talk about what a genre actually is.  At its core, the genre of your film is primarily a simple tool for categorizing how your film compares to other films.  It’s a broad bucket of similar elements that lump films together in a way that makes it easier to sell them and easier to convey the general experience of a film succinctly.  Knowing this will inform everything else on this list. 
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Generally, there are both genres and sub-genres.  Sub-genres can generally pair with any genre, but some pairings work better than others.  Here’s a somewhat complete list of genres and sub genres.  Genres tend to focus on plot elements and overall feel whereas Sub Genres also have more to do with themes or settings.

Genres

• Action

• Horror

• Thriller

• Family

• Comedy

• Drama

• Documentary

Sub-Genres

• Adventure

• Sci-Fi

• Fantasy

• Crime

• Sports

• Faith Based

• LGBT

• Romance

• Biographical

• Music/Musicals

• Animated

So Why is Genre So Effing Important?

Genre provides a general set of guidelines for filmmakers to follow when crafting a story.

Since there are certain elements that are inherent in any particular genre, understanding the tropes of any particular genre can be very helpful in crafting your narrative and in shooting your film.  If you know you’re shooting an action film, then there had better be fight scenes, shootouts, and car chases.  If you’re making a thriller, there should be a lot of suspense.  If you’re shooting a horror, a good amount of your budget will go on buckets of blood.  Knowing the tropes in advance can really help frame your story and what you need to shoot your film. 

Genre categorizes it for potential customers

As mentioned above, genres are simply categorizations of similar elements of a film.  As such, certain viewers will develop an affinity for a certain genre. Some people will like some genres more than others.  Sometimes a viewer will be in the mood for one genre, but not in the mood for another.  Kind of like how sometimes you’re craving Mexican food, and other times you’re craving Chinese.

Genre helps to find an audience for the film

Think of this as the reverse of the point above.  If your film has a well-defined genre, it can be great for discovery by the audience that’s seeking it out.  Again, think about the food example.  If you’re a Mexican food restaurant in an area where the community is all huge fans of Mexican cuisine, you’re likely to do well.  However, if you’re a barbecue joint in a city known for its insanely high levels of Veganism, you might be in for a rough go of it. Of course, this kind of ignores the problem of oversaturation but there’s only so much I can tackle in 600-800 words.

Genre categorizes your film for Distributors and sales agents

Distributors and Sales agents understand the issues above.  In addition, they often build a brand around certain genres so that there’s a high degree of audience recognition from them.  Buyers and distributors often continually serve the same end viewer, and as such their brand is particularly important, and they often seek a similar sort of film time and time again.  Think about the difference between the programming on Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network, or the difference between Comedy Central and MTV.
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Sales agents generally develop deep relationships with the same buyers.  As such, they become acutely aware of that buyer’s brand, and the sort of content they normally buy.  As such, that’s the sort of content they look to acquire. 

What happens if I cross-Genres?

So this is somewhat beyond the scope of this blog, but it’s a point that should be made and I don’t think I could spend an entire blog on it.  So keep in mind that cross-genre is different than a genre and a sub-genre.  A Cross Genre would be a horror comedy or an action thriller.  Those are two examples that generally work, at least in the right circumstances.  Other genre-crossing like Action Drama or Family Horror probably don’t work so well. 

Here are a couple of things to keep in mind about going cross-genre. 

It doesn’t add to the audience it limits it

If you make a film that’s both horror and comedy, it doesn’t sell to people who like either Horror and Comedy, it generally only appeals to people who like BOTH horror AND Comedy.  So instead of expanding your horizons, it limits them.  However, people who like both of these genres are going to be far more likely to really enjoy your film, just because they don’t get as much horror/comedy content as they might like.  That said, getting to these people can be both difficult and expensive. 

If done poorly, it confuses the message.

As you can see from the later two examples above, if you cross genre poorly it can be very creatively limiting.  A horror family movie doesn’t sound like it would be possible to do very well.  I know that Indiana Jones and the Temple of doom had elements of this, as did Gremlins, but The Temple of Doom was primarily an Action Adventure movie, and Gremlins would be very difficult to package in this day and age. 

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6 Rules for Contacting Press

I’ve had to reach out to a lot of press recently for the theatrical release of Goodland.  It’s not the first time I’ve had to try to get some press for a movie, but it is the first time I’ve had to do it recently.  So I had to brush up on a couple of tactics, and thought I would turn those tactics into a useful blog for all the people who follow me.  So without further ado, here are 6 rules for contacting press about your movie

1. Think about what they get out of covering you.

Reporters receive A LOT of press releases and requests for coverage on any given day.  If you want to rise above the pack, a good way to start is by thinking about why they should cover you.  

Try asking yourself these questions. 

• Are you local?  

• Is there some reason your film being there is significant to your community?  

• Is there any reason the arts editor should review your movie instead of the major studio ones on their desk?  

These aren’t the only things you should ask yourself, but they are the bare minimum you should consider before contacting a reporter.

2. Start Small

Don’t go straight to Variety and Deadline.  (unless you have contacts there) instead, try to get some reviews from some blogs with moderate following.  If you can, get some ratings on IMDb.  As you build notoriety and visibility, start reaching out to bigger and bigger outlets. 

Note From the Future: Trades require Exclusivity, so try not to blow that exclusive on low-stakes public coverage. when you have a chance at bigger international drops.

3. Local Press Coverage is Easier than National Coverage.

If you’re from a small town, it’s much easier to get local coverage.  If you’re from a small town and you made a movie, that’s probably news.  Sometimes, it’s either local coverage for your film or pictures of an empty playground for art’s sake.  If you’re from San Francisco and you made a movie that’s going to be in theaters, that might be news for the smaller papers, but not the major outlets like the San Francisco Chronicle. 

Consider that it might be it’s easier to reach out about local films to a neighboring community as well.  If you’re in San Francisco, but have some connection to Oakland, Richmond, San Mateo, or Berkeley.  In any case, it’s probably worth trying to get some play in these places. 

4. Develop your list of press contacts.

Not everyone has a press contact list, but if you do, it’s probably worth reaching out to them as soon as you have something relevant to announce.  If you don’t, you should see how you can develop a list of press contacts.  That’s easier said than done, but it can be helpful to volunteer at events or organizations that already have the contacts, then see about networking with them wherever you can. 

5. If you have press contacts, don't bombard them with irrelevant releases.  

Don’t send our a press release just because your movie got accepted to one small festival.  It’s unlikely to do you much good.  However, if you get into Sundance, or are heading to local theaters, that’s probably something the press would want to know about.

The biggest thing here is to not waste the time of busy people.  it’s a good way to ensure you get ignored.

6. Consider hiring a publicist

Like so many things in the film industry, (or any industry for that matter,) publicity is a game of relationships.  If you don’t have those relationships, it’s probably worth hiring a publicist.  Press coverage is still one of the highest ROI promotional channels you can do for your business, even if you decide to go through a publicist since you’re likely to get a lot more coverage than you would on your own. If you hire the right publicist, they’ll more than pay for themselves. ​
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9 Things I Learned from my First Theatrical Release

We recently came to the close of the theatrical release of Rockhaven Film’s Goodland.  It played in a total of 7 cities.  This was the first time I’ve been a key part of making a theatrical release work, so I wanted to share some of what I learned along the way.  So here it is 9 things I learned from my first theatrical release.

1. Booking theaters is both expensive and time-consuming

I tried booking a theater here in San Francisco, but in the end, I was unsuccessful.  The only theater that really got back to us would only show the film on a rental, not a revenue share.  We didn’t pay any of the other theaters, and we weren’t going to start in San Francisco. 

If we had paid them, it would have been a bit over 2,000 for 9 showings in a week.  It is possible to get some films in there on revenue share alone, but if you do you often must give up the first 2-3,000 in sales directly to the theater, and generally, that’s about all you’ll make from a screen unless you can really pound the pavement and get press coverage. 

2. Book local theaters, New York, and Los Angeles first. 

This contradicts some of what I just said, but when you’re getting started, the first theaters you need to book are New York, Los Angeles, and perhaps the screen most local to the filmmakers.   New York and LA get you more press coverage and give legitimacy to your theatrical run.  The local screen is generally the easiest to book.

​3. You don’t always need a full week’s run.

We only did 3 screenings in Buffalo, NY, but we still got a decent amount of press and a good amount of social media attention.  Doing 1-3 screenings in a market makes it feel more like an event, and is a great way to build word of mouth about your film.  Even if you can’t book a full week, consider booking a few one-night-only engagements to boost your presence in markets across the country. 

4. ​Often, 1-2 shows a day is easier to sell.

We had 3-5 screenings a day in Kansas City, and it was difficult to drive traffic to any one particular screening.  That includes the screenings we had with Q&As after them.  If you focus on one individual showing a day, it’s easier to focus your marketing efforts, and get those butts in seats for an indie movie.

5. Fewer theaters are independently owned than you think

In attempting to book theaters in San Francisco, I found that only a few local theaters were independently owned.  More theaters than you think are owned by mega chains like AMC, Cinemark, United Artists, and Landmark.  If you’re dealing with these mega-chains, you’re likely going to have to deal with their buyers.  Generally, those buyers will only want to deal with distributors. 
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6. Once a theater is booked you can still get bumped unless you paid the rental fee.  

We booked a screen in New York for the same day we opened in LA.  Unfortunately, we were bumped because Avengers, Infinity War outperformed expectations.  If possible, don’t try to book your indie in May, June, July, August, November, or December.  That’s when Hollywood will be very likely to bump you.

7. Keep Making Noise to fill seats

Once you get your theaters booked, you’re still going to have to drive local people to theaters.  The most cost-effective ways to do this are via local press coverage and social media.  The two work very well together.  Keep your audience engaged by sharing news on your facebook page, twitter, and Instagram whenever there’s news to be had. ​
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Related: 5 Dos and Don'ts for Marketing your Movie on Social Media

8. Press coverage is key: Local Press can be very cliquey.  

Local Press coverage is among the best ways to drive traffic to your movie.  However, it can be difficult to get. 

It should surprise precisely no-one reading this list that some film scenes are very cliquey, and some of those people from the film scenes end up in positions of power at general press outlets.  They may not cover your movie just because you’re not one of the cool kids.  It sucks, but it is what it is.  It would be difficult to change their mind, so just move on to other outlets if that’s what you’re running up against. 

9. In the end, if you've made ANY money you've done well. 

Finally, there’s not really a lot of money in theatrical runs themselves.  There is a lot of additional money to be had in having had a theatrical release.  If you end up getting beyond your distributor’s recoupable expenses, you’ve done VERY well.  The additional money you’ve gotten from these outlets is likely to have a marked impact on your TVOD sales and your SVOD sales price.  I might be making some announcements about how that worked for Goodland on our Facebook page, soon.

I hope this was helpful to building your indie film career. If you’re embarking on your own journey through distribution, you should make sure to grab my FREE indie film resource package. It’s got lots of templates to help you talk to distributors, tools to help you raise funding and even exclusive money-saving resources.

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6 Reasons Filmmakers Are Entrepreneurs

Filmmakers often don’t like to think of themselves as business people.  Often, they’d rather be creative, and focus solely on the art of cinema.  Unfortunately, this is not the way to create a career crafting moving images.  In order to make a career, you must understand how to make money.  The easiest way to do that is to think like an entrepreneur.  here are 6 reasons why.

1. Filmmakers and Entrepreneurs both Must Turn an Idea into a Product.

At its core, the goal of both being a filmmaker and an entrepreneur is the same.  To take an idea, and turn it into a market-ready product.  For an entrepreneur, this product can be anything from software to food products, and everything in between.  For a filmmaker, the product is content.  Generally speaking, that content is a completed film, web series, or Television series.

This alone should be enough to see how filmmakers are entrepreneurs, but it’s not the only way the two job titles are similar

2. Filmmakers and Entrepreneurs are both creative innovators birthing something that has never been seen before.  

Every successful company does something no one else ever has.  Every successful film brings something that’s never been seen before to the market.  Some innovations are minor, others major.  Both sets of innovations are born by iterating on another idea that didn’t quite make their product in a way that the entrepreneur or filmmaker thinks is the best way. 

Innovation is at the core of both filmmaking and entrepreneurship.  Both involve intelligent and creative people who want to change the world.  Some through technology, some through storytelling.

3. Filmmakers and Entrepreneurs both must figure out who will buy their product.  

If either a filmmaker or an entrepreneur is to be successful, then they need to figure out who will buy their product when it’s ready to ship.  If they don’t know what their target market is, then it’s impossible to make enough money to keep the company going or help investors recoup so you can make another film. ​

Market research is key to this.  If you want to find out more, check out last week’s blog by clicking here. 

4. Filmmakers and Entrepreneurs both often need to raise money to create their products.

While everything else on this list is true nearly 100% of the time, this one is only true 80-90% of the time.  While some entrepreneurs and filmmakers can finance their companies out of pocket, most filmmakers need to consider how they’ll pay for the things necessary to create their chosen product. 

Both filmmakers and entrepreneurs must develop a deep understanding of fundraising if they’re going to be able to make their career in their chosen field a long-term sustainable one. 

5. Filmmakers and Entrepreneurs must both assemble a team to turn their idea into a product.  

No one can make a film or build a company all by themselves.  Both must build and manage a team of creatives and business people to create their product and take it out to the world.  Without the ability to build and lead a team to success, the film or the company will not succeed. ​

6. Filmmakers and Entrepreneurs must both figure out how to take their products to market.  

After coming up with an idea, figuring out who will buy their product, financing their vision, and assembling a team in order to create a product, filmmakers still need to get that product and figure out how to take it to market. For both, this is generally referred to as the distribution stage of the process.

For filmmakers, it’s relatively well-defined despite the information about it not being widely enough available. For entrepreneurs, their distribution plan will vary greatly by industry. But in either case, if the end user/viewer can’t access the product, they won’t buy it.

Thank you so much for reading.  If you’d like to become a better indie film entrepreneur, you should check out my FREE Indiefilm Resource package. it’s got a free e-book called The Entrepreneurial Producer, several templates to help you organize your operation including a pitch deck template, and monthly blog digests to help you expand your knowledge base.

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How Do I Figure Out Who will Buy my Movie?

There’s a difference between market research and marketing.  Market research is all about placing the target, and marketing is firing the arrow at it.  You can’t fire the arrow if you don’t place the target first.  To follow the metaphor, you can’t market your movie unless you first figure out who you’re going to market the film to.  This blog is about giving you the basics of figuring out who will want to buy your movie.  ​

There is no single, simple process to figure out who will watch your film.  Really, it’s a series of questions and educated guesses.  There are tools you can use to figure out who your film is likely to resonate with.

One of the most simple ways to get started is to figure out movies that are similar to yours, and look at the ratings by age on IMDb Pro.  This will give you an idea, and a point to start from.

Figuring out the ethnicity of people who will watch your film is also tricky.  Generally, the best way to figure this out is to go by the ethnicities of your main characters.  If your entire cast is white as a daisy’s petals, then it’s likely that your audience will appeal primarily to white people.  If it’s a diverse group, then it’s more likely that the appeal of your film will be diverse.

This method is admittedly far from foolproof, and you will definitely break out of this core demographic in terms of ethnicity, but your goal here is to figure out who you’re targeting, and plan where to start marketing your film.

There’s a lot more to figuring out who to market your film to than basic demography.  There’s also interest groups, and niche audiences.  The biggest ways to figure out what niches your film appeals to.  More than likely, it appeals to one.

If the film focuses heavily on LGBT issues, then marketing the film to the LGBT Community is a good idea.  The same can be said for faith based films.  In fact, the two niche markets behave very similarly when making purchase decisions, despite their polar opposite placement on the political spectrum.

There are lots of other niches that you can consider targeting.  Some would include bicyclists, vegans, bowling enthusiasts, single parents, families with family members with disabilities, recently divorced men, women, or other, gym rats, goths, punks, nerds, geeks, karaoke lovers, and basically any subculture you can think of.

You simply need to figure out which of these subcultures features prominently in your film, then try to make a decision on who you can market your film to

One important thing to keep in mind in deciding what sub-cultures to market to is that authenticity is key.  If your depiction of a particular subculture is inaccurate, then it’s unlikely that they’ll like your movie and tell their friends about it.

This process is really more art than science, especially given that there’s not a lot of data out there about how well any particular film did with what demographic.   But giving this thought early on will help you more than you’d expect not only in marketing your film, but even in making it.

Thanks so much for reading.  If you want help figuring out your target market, you may want to check out my resource packet for a free e-book, templates, monthly blog digests, and more.  Also, check out the content tags below the button for related content.

5 Reasons Traditional Film Distribution Still Matters to Indie Filmmakers

When you look at most of the other bloggers and podcasters talking about indie film distribution, a lot of them are very convinced that aggregators like Distribbr are the only solution that a Filmmaker needs.  As a Producer’s Rep, I disagree.  A good sales agent, distributor, or producer’s rep may each take a piece of the pie, but if they do their job well they’ll also make the pie significantly bigger, increasing the payout for all involved.

Here are 5 reasons why a traditional distributor or sales agent is still a necessary partner.

1. Distribution and Marketing are their own Skillsets

Unless you happen to have a background in marketing or a huge social media following, it’s not likely you’ll even make back the money you put into the aggregation fees.  It’s a surprising amount of work to get the amount of money you need to pay back fees upwards of a thousand dollars to put the film on iTunes. 

Distributors also help market the film.  It’s all they do, so they’re generally pretty good at it.  (At least, if you get the right ones) In addition to cutting the costs of aggregation and paying them out of a recoupable expense, Sales agencies and distributors will also often put money into a publicist, social media ads, and other marketing expenditures that will help your film make more money for all involved. ​

2. It's generally No/Less Money Up Front

If you use an aggregator or even a company like FilmHub or IndieRights, all marketing expenditures are on you. This includes posters, trailers, publicity, social media ads, and more. If it were me, I’d much rather give up a piece of the action to have someone else cover some of these costs up-front. ​

3. Not Every Avenue is Truly Open Without a Local Distributor

No matter what people tell you, not every avenue is completely open to self-distribution.  Theatrical is rare for most indie films, but unless you want to give up 90+% of the take, or pay a few thousand dollars per screen per week. pay a large amount of money to a platform or directly to theaters, you’re not getting into theaters.  If you work with the right distributor, they MIGHT be able to book you some screens. 

I’ve helped in organizing several theatrical releases of up to 50 screens per film. The way we did it avoided paying up front. Filmmakers generally don’t have the specialized knowledge or relationships to make that happen.

Further, other outlets most often won’t get you into Cable VOD, or SVOD other than Amazon rentals, even though they may claim they have the ability to. ​

4. Local Distributors Control Specialized Knowledge

Do you have any idea how to localize a film for South Korea?  What about Germany, Italy, or Mongolia?  I’m a Producer’s rep, and while I might have an idea of who would buy any given film on a territory-by-territory basis, I couldn’t tell you how best to market a film in every country across the globe.   That said, I do know people who do, and I know lots of people who can get it to the territories I can’t and I also know what they tend to pay for that content.  Successfully selling a film internationally involves a lot of highly specialized skills most filmmakers simply do not possess.  They’re the sort of skills that take decades to perfect.  So if you want your film to be truly exportable, then you should consider working with some partners to help you capture the foreign market.
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5. Marketing is Much More Effective with Multiple Partners.

Multiple voices pushing your film will do a lot more than yours alone.  Working with Producer’s Reps, International Sales Agents, and distributors will amplify your voice and help it rise above the white noise to really take your project to the next level.   Without multiple experienced partners helping spread the word about your film, it can cost significantly more to raise awareness of your film.

I get this is a lot. If you want to learn more about it, you should check out my FREE Indiefilm Resource Package. It includes an E-book, lots of form letters, tracking templates, and other templates to help you get in touch with traditional distributors, and a monthly blog digest that will help you better understand the industry and improve your knowledge base in a sustainable way.

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Why You Still Need Name Talent in Your IndieFilm

​In the age of easily accessible self-distribution, cheap gear, and the ability to make and distribute a feature film for less than 10,000 dollars it’s understandable to wonder why you would want to spend 10,000-100,000 dollars a day on recognizable name talent.  Many proclaim that hiring recognizable name talent is simply a waste of time and money.

Speaking as someone who makes most of their living from film distribution, these people are wrong.  Here are 5 reasons why.

Recognizable Name Talent Significantly increases the Profile of the Film

In an age where anyone can make a film, the challenge becomes less one of making a film, and more one of rising above the white noise created by others also making films.  Recognizable name talent can be a great help you set yourself apart.  The notoriety brought by recognizable name talent helps raise public awareness of your project and greatly increases interest from high profiles sales agents and distributors.  Also, if they have a large social media presence and agree to help promote your film, it will have a tangible impact on the profile of your film.

Recognizable Name Talent Significantly increases the chance of meaningful press coverage.

With the higher profile that names talent brings to your project.  Press coverage will compound the impact on the awareness of your film that name talent brings.   If your film gets enough coverage, then a lot of the marketing will be done for you, and you’ll be able to attract the pieces of the puzzle that you’d otherwise need to chase.   These puzzle pieces can be anything from additional tickets sold, to in-kind product placement, and potentially even completion funding once your film is in the can.  

Several of my pre-completion press articles have been due in large part to having recognizable names attached to the project.

Recognizable Name Talent Increases the likelihood of getting into festivals

I know this isn’t going to be a popular thing to say, but film festivals don’t solely look at the quality of a film in deciding which ones should be programmed.  They also consider the fit with the festival’s brand, the current political climate, as well as the profile of the film and what showcasing the film, would bring to the festival. 

​Given that the profile of the film is greatly raised by recognizable name talent, it’s something that festival programmers will consider when deciding whether or not to program your film

​Name Talent Increase Your Distribution Options

From my personal experience in distribution and sales, it is easier to sell a mediocre film with names than a great film without them. This is true regardless of genre, although certain genres absolutely necessitate recognizable names if you want any international distribution.

Recognizable Name Talent is a great way to make both sales agents and distributors stand up and take notice.  Getting a star in your film has a direct and tangible impact on your chances of getting a profitable distribution deal. 

Without recognizable name talent, it’s almost impossible to get a minimum guarantee.  Further, many of your international sales will be revenue share only.  With Name Talent, it’s far more likely that you’ll get a minimum guarantee from the sales agent, and the deals with international buyers will be license fees or MGs instead of revenue share deals.

Name Talent Increases Self-Distribution Sales

Finally, even if you plan on self-distributing your film, recognizable name talent will help you move units.  Raising the profile of your film by having a star in your film will help you place higher in Amazon and iTunes search results, which will have a tangible impact on your bottom line. 

Thanks so much for reading.  If you enjoy my blog and want more, you should sign up for my FREE independent film business resources package.  It’s got an e-book with a lot of articles like this one you can’t find elsewhere, as well as templates to help you grow your film career. One of the articles in the e-book includes a script for calling actors’ agents. Click the button below for more information.

6 Tips to manage your Indiefilm Facebook Page

Your social media presence for your company is extremely important.  Likely, the most important piece of it is your presence on Facebook.  Facebook has the largest user base, and if you know how to use it you can tap into a huge part of your target market.  Here are 5 rules that will help you grow your Facebook presence. ​

Focus on a Page for Your Company, not your projects.

When you set up your Facebook page, it’s better to focus on a page for your production company instead of your film.  This way, when you move on to the next film, you’ll already have the audience you’ve created for your film.  You may have to create a page for individual projects, but you should focus on keeping the audience for your company page engaged.

Also, its getting more and more difficult to run a business through a standard profile. You can try it to increase organic reach, but you may end up hurting yourself more than helping yourself.

Always respond to Messages to your page

If you want to keep your reach up, you need to respond to questions and comments that come to your page via messenger. It can also lead to some really notable business opportunities and sales for you. At least, it has for me.

Don’t try to manage too much at once.

Just having a huge Facebook page won’t do you much good.  You have to use it as a way to engage the audience for your projects.   To do this, you have to regularly post content relevant to your target demographic. Finding or creating high-quality, engaging content is a very time-consuming process.  If you want to try to manage too many pages at once, you’re likely to burn out and not be able to continue regularly posting relevant content.

If you let too long pass between posts, your fan base will start to decay.  Further, when next you post, your posts won’t reach as far because Facebook’s algorithm won’t let them.  It’s much better to focus on managing one or two pages at the same time and helping those pages to grow within the platform.

Share useful content to relevant groups

One good way to grow your brand recognition online is to post valuable content to your page, then share it with groups filled with your target demographic.  I do this all the time.  In fact, there’s a good chance that’s how you found this article.  This content shouldn’t just be sales links for your film, it should be free content that provides some value to the group.  You can post the occasional sales link, but you shouldn’t do so more than once per week. 
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Related:5 Dos and Don'ts for Selling your Film on Social Media

It’s important that you avoid being too spammy while doing this.  I have a list of 5 groups to share to each of my pages on a daily basis, to help ensure I don’t post to the same group too many times.   It takes some time to set up, but it’s the best way to avoid running afoul of group admins.  That’s not something you want to do. Trust me.  (Sorry if you’re one of the admins I’ve run afoul of, just trooping through this.

Always post videos natively

By this, I mean always upload your videos directly to Facebook, and don’t post a Vimeo or YouTube link.  If Facebook sees that the video is coming from Vimeo or YouTube, it will only get about 20% of the reach.  If, on the other hand, you upload it directly to your page, it will actually get a lot of prioritized placement in the feeds of people who like your content and their friends. 

Don’t put your movie on Facebook, put your trailers there and point to Amazon.

Finally, Facebook video is a great place to post a trailer, but not a great place to post your entire film.  First of all, you won’t be paid for posting your video to Facebook like you would be if you posted to Amazon Video Direct or YouTube.  Second, most people just don’t watch full-length films on Facebook.  They’ll watch videos that are only a few minutes long. 

As such, posting your trailer can be a great way to get extra attention on it, and then you can link off to a place where people can buy it or watch it for free.   Doing this can not only increase the number of people who watch your film, but might even increase your total audience. 

Thanks so much for reading.  If you like this content, you should consider liking my page on Facebook!  Here’s a link.

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The 5 Rules to Running a Successful Crowdfunding Campaign

Since my exit from Mutiny Pictures Most of my work, these days is as an executive producer, consultant, distribution representative, and marketer. However, there was a time when I was a filmmaker and a regular (as opposed to executive) producer.  During that time, I raised a total of 33,000 on Kickstarter for two projects.   This blog gives you some of what I learned from those two campaigns.

​While those two projects never went as far as they could have due to a parting of ways between myself and my former business partner, there’s still a lot of information I learned in running these campaigns in the early days of Kickstarter.  Here are 5 of them.

​#1. Prepare

You CANNOT be successful in crowdfunding without preparation, and that preparation starts early.  Generally, your soft preparation for a crowdfunding campaign will start at least 6 months before you launch your campaign.  This soft preparation will consist more of being an active member of your community.  About 3 months out you’ll need to get ready to shoot your video, and about 2 months later you’ll need to get ready for pre-launch. 

I’ll be releasing a preparation timeline in a few weeks, so check back soon!

#2. Grow Your Network

About 80% of your donations will come from people you already know and interact with regularly.  This is why you need to become active in communities that will be interested in your film.  This can be alumni organizations, groups of people enthusiastic about the kind of film you’re making, and any other group of people that are tangentially connected to the film you’re planning on making.
​

#3. ​It’s a Full Time Job, Plan Accordingly

No matter how much preparation you do, when the campaign starts it will be at least one person’s full-time job.  You’ll need to personally thank everyone who donates, and you’ll need to spend a lot of time emailing basically everyone you know individually.  If you’re smart, you’ll do it twice.  Bulk emails aren’t going to do you anywhere near as much good as individual emails, and individual emails take a lot of time. 
​

#4. Try to Get as Much Press as Possible

The best way to add legitimacy to your campaign is to get mentioned in the press.  In order to get that press you’ll need to reach out to any editors and reporters you can that might cover you.  Note that I say editors and reporters THAT MIGHT COVER YOU.  If you know a reporter at Variety, you probably don’t want to email them about your campaign since they’re not going to cover it.  If you grew up in a small town with a local paper, you definitely do.  You’d be surprised what they’ll cover. 

This is something you can work with your prospective crew about as well.  Maybe you’re not from a small town, but your DP or production designer might be.  This can be a very mutually beneficial arrangement, it puts your crew in the spotlight and raises the profile of the film. 

It would be wise to send out a press release via one of the many press release sites.  This will help you generate at least a few articles on affiliates for NBC, FOX, and others that you can use to grow the profile and perceived legitimacy of your campaign.  It also has some SEO benefits, but I’m not sure that would help too much on crowdfunding. ​

#5. DON’T SPAM

Don’t post your campaign incessantly on all of your social media,  Make sure you continue to provide value outside of asking for money while you’re in your campaign.

If you use Messenger to send your campaign to someone, open up a conversation first.  Don’t just copy-paste a form email with no conversation back from them.   

Say hello to someone first.  Ask how they’re doing.  Then send them info about your campaign when they ask what you’re up to. Taking the time to show you care about what’s going on in their life will greatly increase both your conversion rate and the amount each member of your network contributes.

Thanks for reading!  If you like this, you should go ahead and grab my FREE Film Market Resource Pack. It’s got a free e-book of articles like this one to help you grow your filmmaking career, free templates to streamline investor and distributor conversations, and even a monthly content digest that helps you continue to grow your knowledge base on a schedule that’’s manageable to almost anyone. Get it for FREE Below.

5 DO's and DON'Ts for Selling Your Film on Social Media

I sell a lot of stuff on social media.  In fact, that’s probably how you’re reading this blog right now.  Since I’m very active, I also get a lot of people trying to sell stuff to me on social media.  This blog is an amalgamation of some of what I’ve found works on social media, and some of the stuff I’ve found does more to harm your brand than build it.

Before you ask, yes I’ve been on both sides of pieces of this article at various times.

DO: Provide Value

Far and away the most important rule of building a brand on social media is to ALWAYS provide Value.  Even when you’re trying to sell something, you should be providing value.  It will take several impressions with a potential customer for them to engage with your content or buy your service, and in that time you’ll need to provide that potential customer quite a lot of value. 

DON'T: Post Nothing But Sales Links

Even if your service provides value to members of a group or your carefully cultivated following.  If all you do is post things like “BUY MAH MOOOVIE!” then you’re failing to provide value, and you’re not going to move too many copies. To be honest, it’s also important to avoid posting too many links to groups in general. I’ve definitely been on the wrong end of that in the past with my 100+ blogs.

DO: Focus on Building Relationships

Building a relationship with your potential customers is the only way to turn them from potential customers to single-time customers, to regular, recurring business.  Essentially, these relationships rely on trust.  In order to build that trust, try posting relevant articles from your blog, behind-the-scenes footage, a piece of press you got mentioned in, or whatever else that gives you a touchpoint with your fanbase without asking them to spend money. 

DON'T: Treat All Your "Friends" Solely as Potential Customers.

If you’re like most people, you have everyone from high school classmates to people you know from the bar to great aunt Gertrude on your Facebook.  Be cognisant of the fact that most of those people may or may not want to actually buy your movie.  Don’t forget to post the standard facebook posts alongside talking about your project.​

DO: Start a Conversation

If you want to share something you’re working on or the movie you just made with someone via a messaging system, start by saying hello.  If you open up a conversation and show genuine interest in what they’re working on, it will be far more likely that they’ll be genuinely interested in what you want to sell them. ​

DON'T: Send a Form Message with a Link to All Your "Friends"

When I say Start with Hello, I don’t mean a message like this.

“Hello! How are you? I hope you’re well. It’s been a while since we talked, but I just wanted to let you know about this movie I just finished called I’ma Spam You! If you could check it out via this link below, I’d be super greatful”

https://imgflip.com/i/23nduh

Doing that is more likely to lose you connections than convince people to buy your content.

DO: Know Who You're Talking To

Are you reaching out to someone you went to High School with?  Maybe you haven’t spoken in years.  If that’s the case, you’ll definitely want to try to catch up before you ask them for money.  If you have powerful people on your social media, you should be careful how you approach them.  I’ve had people try to sell me their unproduced scripts on Amazon, then go off on a fiery tirade when I didn’t want to buy it.  They are now blocked, although a mutual friend said they were still looking for some of the services I offer.  Don’t do that to yourself.

DON'T: Try to Sell Your Movie to Someone Who Has No Reason to be Interested.

Someone you know who is incredibly christian, probably isn’t going to buy your body horror feature film.  Similarly, the goths on your friend list probably aren’t going to buy your faith based film.  Know who you’re trying to sell your movie to, and take note.

DO: Post Relevant Content to Relevant Groups

Maybe you’re putting some content into a filmmaking group.  If you are, you should make sure that whatever content you’re posting provides value.  The long and short of it is: Don’t post irrelevant content and expect people to engage with it in a positive manner.

DON'T: Be an Asshole

This point originally read Don’t be Spammy, but in a way the two are synonymous. They also both very eloquently summarize this entire article. If you’re not sure whether or not you’re being an asshole, then ask yourself the following question. “Am I being an asshole?” if the answer is anything other than “No” you probably are being at least a bit of one.

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4 Reasons Niche Marketing is VITAL to your indiefilm’s Succes

Most people don’t plan to fail, they simply fail to plan.  Similarly, most filmmakers don’t think about anything other than getting the film made until the film is completed.  This is a prime example of failure to plan resulting in a failed project.  In reality, you should be thinking about your target market as early as when you write your script.  If this is your first film, you should be targeting a well defined niche.  Here are 4 reasons why.

Would you Rather Watch than Read?  Here's a video on the same general topic from my YouTube Channel.

Niche Marketing Gives you an audience for your film

I’m sorry to be the one to tell you this, but your film is unlikely to appeal to everyone everywhere.  You’re much better off figuring out what parts of your story will resonate with various groups, and focusing your early marketing efforts on them.  It will put your film in front of the people who it will resonate most strongly with, and it will help you rise about the white noise that every content creator must face, especially when starting out. 

It’s also important to keep in mind that just because your film starts in a niche doesn’t mean that the niche is where it will always live.  If you properly utilize niche marketing, it can actually help you break out of the niche and into the more generalized marketplace. 

Niche Marketing Cuts down on your marketing cost

If you do think that you can target everyone, because your film is just that universally appealing then your marketing expenditures are going to be astronomical.  Also, you’ll be competing directly with movies like Star Wars, The Avengers, and whatever the next Pixar movie is.  Unless you’re a studio head, then you can’t afford to win that competition. 

Utilizing proper niche marketing efforts will dramatically cut down on your marketing expenditure since you’ll know exactly who you want to get your project in front of.  Thanks to social media platforms, you’ll be able to target those people directly using smart advertising buys and strong community engagement from an early stage.

Further, if you do break out of your niche, you’ll already have more noise being made about your project so the costs to market it will be much smaller.

Niche Marketing Can help you fund your film

If you start to get involved in niche communities well before you make your film, then you’ll have a community that you can mobilize to help you raise a portion of your funding through donation-based crowdfunding.  To be clear, if you simply post your campaign over and over to the various communities you want to support your campaign.  You’ll have to ingratiate yourself into them well before starting a campaign.

​The Reason that these people may well be willing to support your campaign is that many niche communities are underserved, and want to have their story shared. 

 They want to see more media made about their interests and themselves as a community.  They want their story told.  Many of them, are willing and eager to make it happen.  This brings us to our final point.

Niche Marketing Gives you advocates for your film

No Films can market themselves completely on their own. They need to get a core group of people to help spread the word. Niche marketing can be a huge help for getting the people who are most likely to be your strongest advocates onboard early. As mentioned above, they’re the people who care the most about your subject matter. They’re the people who will seek out your content and show it to your friends because they identify with it so much.

No one can create advocates, you must find them. The most likely place to find them is within the various underserved niches that have plenty of stories that need to be told. 

Thanks so much for Reading. If you like this and want more, check out my FREE Film Business Resource Pack! You’ll get a free e-book on the business of entertainment, a set of highly useful templates, and a whole lot more. Check it out below.

The Two Main types of Financial Projections for an IndieFilm

As a key part of writing a business plan for independent film, a filmmaker must figure out how much the film is likely to make back.  This involves developing or obtaining revenue projections. 

There are generally two ways to do this, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.  The first way is to do a comparative analysis.  This means taking similar films from the last 5 years and plugging them into a comparative model to generate revenue estimates.  The second way is to get a letter of intent from a sales agent and get them to estimate what they could sell this for in various territories across the globe. 

This blog will compare and contrast these two methods (Both of which I do regularly for clients) in an effort to help you better understand which way you want to go when writing the business plan for your independent film.

Would you Rather Watch/Listen to this than read it? Here’s a corresponding video on my YouTube Channel!

Comparative Analysis - Overview

A comparative analysis is when you comb IMDb Pro and The-Numbers.com to come up with a set number of comparable films to yours.  These are films that have a similar genre, similar budgets, similar assets, are based on similar intellectual property, and are generally within the last 5 years.  If you can match story elements that are a plus, but there are only so many films with the necessary data to compare. 

When I do it, I compare 20 films, average their ROIs from theatrical, pull numbers from home video wherever I can (Usually the-numbers.com), and then run them through a model I’ve developed to come up with revenue estimates.   Honestly, I don’t do a lot of this work.  Most of the time I refer it to my friends at Nash Info Services since they run The-Numbers.com and the brand behind these estimates means a lot to potential investors. 

I will do it when a client asks though, generally as a part of a larger business plan/packaging service plan.  

Sales Agency Estimates - Overview

Sales Agency Estimates are when you get a letter of intent from a sales agent, and as part of that deal the sales agent prepares estimates on what they think they can sell the film for on a territory-by-territory basis.  Generally, they work from what buyers they know they have in these territories, whether or not they buy content like this, and what they normally pay for content like yours. 

These estimates are heavily dependent on the state of your package, who’s directing your film, and who’s slated to star in it.  If you don’t have much of a package and a first-time director, then you’re not going to get very promising numbers.  ​

Comparative Analysis - Benefits

Generally, anyone can get these estimates.  Some people figure out the formula and do it themselves, others pay someone like me or Bruce Nash to do it for them.  There’s either a not insubstantial fee involved or a lot of time involved in getting them. They’ll generally satisfy an investor, especially if Bruce does it. 

Sales Agency Estimates - Benefit

The biggest benefit to a sales agency approach is that if they’re doing estimates for you, they’re probably going to distribute your film.  Also, these estimates have the potential to be more accurate, because they’re based on non-public numbers on what buyers are paying in current market conditions.  Finally, if a sales agent has given you an LOI, these estimates are generally free.

Comparative Analysis - Drawbacks

The first drawback is likely that they’re either very time intensive or somewhat costly to produce.  Also, because VOD Sales data is kept under lock and key, it’s very difficult to estimate total revenue from VOD using this method.  Given how important VOD is, that’s a somewhat substantial drawback.

Further, these estimates are greatly helped by the name value of who made them.  Likely, if the filmmaker makes them themselves, then they’re not as viable as if someone like Bruce or Me does them.  This is not only because we both have a track record in them, (Bruce much Moreso) but also because we’re mostly impartial third parties. 

These revenue estimates can be very flawed if a filmmaker makes them because many filmmakers have a tendency to only pick winners, not the films that lost money.  In business, we call this painting too blue a sky, as it makes everything look sunny with no chance of rain.  In film, there’s always a substantial chance of rain. ​

Sales Agency Estimates - Drawbacks

The biggest drawback to these estimates is that not everyone can get these estimates.  You have to have a relationship with the sales agency for them to consider giving them to you.  Generally, you’ll need to have convinced them to give you an LOI first.  That’s not always the case though. 

If you have a producer’s rep, they can sometimes get you through the relationship barrier, but they’ll often charge for doing so when we’re talking about a film that’s still in development. 

Also, Sales agencies can sometimes inflate their numbers to keep filmmakers happy and convince them to sign.  This does not look good to investors if that money never comes in

Conclusion

Overall, which method you use to estimate revenue depends entirely on what situation you find yourself in.  If you have the ability to get the sales agency estimates, they can be VERY strong, if you don’t, the comparative estimates are reliable enough to do what you need them to do.  That being said, I wouldn’t advise taking a comparative analysis to a sales agency. 

Thanks for Reading! Creating revenue estimates is only part of raising money for your film. There’s a lot more you’ll need to know if you want to succeed. That’s a large part of why I created my indie film resource package, to help filmmakers get the knowledge and resources they need to grow their careers. It’s totally free and has things like a deck template, free e-book, and even specialized blog digests sent out on a monthly basis to help you understand how to answer the questions your investors will almost certainly have. Check it out at the button below.

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5 Ways to Market Your Movie Besides Social movie

There’s a lot of advice on the internet, as well as on this blog about marketing your film using social media.  That’s with good reason, Social media is among the most cost-effective ways to market your project if you do it properly.  Further, it helps you maintain a long-term relationship with potential customers.  That being said, it’s not the only way to market your film.  It might not even be the most efficient way when it’s the only thing you do.  What follows are 5 ways to market your film other than social media.

For this blog, all 5 of these tactics can and should be used in conjunction with each other, and can greatly augment your social media marketing.

Before we begin, every once in a while I’ll take a question I get on Twitter and turn it into a blog.  This question came @AmandaVerhagen a while back, but I’ve not had time to adequately address it until now.  If you have a question about film distribution, marketing, financing, or sales, feel free to @Mention @TheGuerrillaRep and I might just write a blog to answer your question.  

Events

Hosting an event to spread the word about your project can be a great way to build excitement and generate interest in your project.  This can be something as simple as a happy hour at a local bar where you buy a few drinks for strong supporters, or as complex as renting an event space, supplying the booze, and having some people say a few words.  Ideally with entertainment.

What you do really comes down to how much time you have to organize and what your budget it.  The importance of the milestone you’re celebrating also plays a factor, although any milestone worthy of an event is also likely worthy of some time to organize it

Festivals

Shocking, I know.  However what does bear mentioning is that festivals are only as useful as you make them.  Getting into festivals can be a great way to expand your network and grow the reputation of the film, however the effect that will have will be limited unless you learn how to work the festival. 

Essentially, getting into a festival provides you a space where you can utilize every other item on this list to grow your notoriety, your film’s reputation, and your professional network. 

​Flyers/Givaways

​Having something tangible you can give away to people at events in festivals will help people remember you.  They’ll remember you even more if you attach something to the card that has some immediate value beyond the information you’re handing out.  This can be as simple as a tiny piece of chocolate attached to a card, a bottle of hand sanitizer, or even a small bottle of alcohol( if the demographic is right.)

Adding a giveaway will help you stand out in the minds of whoever you give your giveaway to .It’s easy to get lost in a pouch of postcards and flyers, but something as simple and cheap as a piece of chocolate can make all of the difference in how you’re remembered by the event goer. 

​Stunts

Pulling some sort of marketing stunt can be a great way to stand out and attract a bit of press.  Whatever you do, you’ve got to make sure you do it safely though. 

One of the most famous stunts at Cannes was when someone lit themselves on fire (in a fire suit) and then after they were put out, it was revealed to be an attractive your woman in a bikini who starred in the film she was promoting.  Rumor has it the woman later lost that bikini while being interviewed, but that’s another matter.  Also, that happened in the late 80’s/early 90’s, so the culture was different.

Your stunt doesn’t have to be as outlandish as that, but should be as memorable.  If you have a  war movie, you might want to consider throwing toy paratroopers from a rooftop you can gain access to.  If you’re promoting at Sundance, a woman in a bikini making a quick walk through the cold with premier tickets would certainly grab some eyeballs and some attention.  Especially if you can work in a joke about accidentally packing for Cannes. That said, make sure you have a trenchcoat and hot drinks on hand to help her out when she inevitably gets cold.

In any case, the goal of the stunt is to get eyeballs in a safe and legal way.  It’s to help you and your movie be memorable and to ideally attract a bit of the final item on our list. 

​Publicity

​Publicity is almost always the most cost-effective way to spread the word about your project.  However, it’s not always the easiest thing to get.  Generally, you’ll need a relationship with an outlet, something truly eye-catching, or a good publicist to get any substantial amount of coverage.  Sometimes you’ll need all three. 

There are a couple of ways you can disseminate a press release.  PRNewswire.com is relatively affordable, but it’s unclear how much individual press coverage you’ll get out of it.  It does still help with your SEO (Search Engine Optimization) to at least a degree though.  

Generally, if you can afford a publicist, it’s the best way to go by far.  My favorite publicist is October Coast, they’re very cost-effective for the value they provide. While it’s possible to get big marquee press coverage from October Coast it’s unlikely. This means you probably won’t get you the big outlets like Deadline, Variety, or THR, but you will get dozens of relevant niche blogs. In general, you’ll need a higher-cost publicist, or if you’re lucky your distributor, sales agent, or producer’s rep will handle this for you.

EDIT FROM THE FUTURE: There may be a few more things I’ve learned from Running Mutiny that I’ll share in a new blog around the efficacy of paid ads and sponsorships. Comment if that’s of interest.

Thanks for reading! If you want more help financing or distributing your movie, the best place to start is my film business resource pack. It’s got templates, an e-book, and a whole lot more to help you grow your indiefilm company and career. Oh, it’s completely free, get it below.

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7 Realistic ways to Find First Money In on your Feature Film.

When fundraising for anything, the first money is always the hardest.  Investors don’t want to be the first in due to the investment seeming untested.  So in order for them to feel more secure, you might need to raise some of the money in other places.  Here are the 7 most realistic places for filmmakers to go to get first money in. ​

First money in isn’t meant to be the entirety of your budget.  It’s only meant to be about 10%.  Having raised 10% of your budget helps investors see that you’re serious, and aren’t going to require them to do all of the funding work themselves.  With that in mind, almost every item on this list is not meant to fund your entire movie, but more serve as a jumping-off point to help you raise the funds you need to make an awesome film. 

Highly Related: The 9 ways to Finance your Independent Film

1. Donation based Crowdfunding

I know most filmmakers really don’t want to hear about crowdfunding, but it’s still one of the best ways to serve as a proof of concept for a film.  It’s also a great way to get first money in.  Specifically for this example, I’m talking about donation based crowdfunding.  I’m far from an expert in equity crowdfunding, and while there’s potential in the idea, it’s unclear how it should be executed. 
​
That being said, donation based crowdfunding can be an excellent way to get the project rolling, and get further into development.

2. Tax Incentives

Depending on where you’re planning on shooting, Tax incentives can be a great way to get a portion of your funding in place.  If you’re in the US, then shooting in Kentucky can get you as much as 35% of your budget.  Granted, that will go down to about 30% once you take out a loan against it so that it becomes real money instead of a letter of credit.  That loan will be fairly low interest, since Kentucky’s incentive is structured as cash.

There are a lot of things I could go into about tax incentives, but it’s more than I can cover in this blog.  I might make a future blog or video about it Comment and ask.

3. Grants

There aren’t a lot of development stage grants out there, and as such the few there are tend to be in very high demand.  However, if you can get some portion of you money via a grant from the Kenneth Rainin Foundation or some other development stage granter, then it cuts the risk for your investors and gives you first money in. 

Keep in mind, most organizations that give grants turn you down automatically when you first apply. It can be wise to apply multiple years in a row while you try to get this film, or other films off the ground. 

4. Equipment Loans

An equipment loan is a relatively low interest loan that uses any equipment you own as collateral for the money that’s being lent.  I understand that this is a scary prospect for many filmmakers (With good reason) but it can be a way to get money into the project at an early stage, and serve as your first money in.
​
It’s also important to note that debts are paid off before equity is paid back, so your loan would be repaid and your equipment secured before any future investor got their money back.  Of course, this isn’t always the case, but it generally is. 
​

5. Personal or Business Credit

There are a few people who will loan money for films based on your personal credit.  Sometimes it will be a business loan, sometimes it will be an insanely high limit credit card, but in the end it can be the money you need for development.  It’s not ideal, but it can be a way to get your movie to the next level. 

If you’ve been making corporate videos through your entity for a number of years your business may have enough credibility to take out a moderaate interest loan from a bank against your future corporate video earnings.

In general, this will be a percentage of your previous earnings according to you last few tax returns and whatever debt burden the business has from general operations. This is best used to offset time away from corporate work as an expansion into a new product line, I.E. your feature film.

This would most likely be considered an unsecured loan, which means it’s higher interest than the equipment loan or anything of the sort like that.

If you do go down this road, you should not forget that it often takes 12 to 18 months from delivery to a distributor to start earning royalties, and that’s not accounting for the minimum of 9-12 months to make the film and deliver it to a distributor. The interest over the course of a term like that might be hard to bear.

I should stress I’m not a lawyer or financial advisor. You should check with yours before acting on anything on this list, especially anything that’s debt base.

6. Wealthy Friends and Family

If you’re lucky enough to have accredited investors in your friends and family, then this can be a good way to get your first money in.  Investors normally invest in people as much if not more than projects, so approaching someone you already know is generally an easier ask than someone you don’t.  Since this blog is about getting first money in, having an investment from a wealthy friend or relative can be the quickest and easiest way to get over that hurdle.
​
Of course, in order to raise money from wealthy friends and family, you must HAVE wealthy friends and family.  If your friends and family ARE NOT Accredited investors, then it’s best to include them in a donation-based crowdfunding round.  While the SEC (Securities and Exchanges Commission) has loosened requirements for high-risk and small business investments since the JOBS Act, they’re still very strict when it comes to high risk investments, and it would be better for you to not run afoul of them. ​

7. Equity Investment

Finally, if you don’t have wealthy friends and family, you can chase equity investment.  Normally this means that you would approach the person who owns the car dealerships in your neck of the woods, or other local business leaders.  If you can get a meeting to talk to them about investing in a movie, there’s a chance that the excitement of it might help you raise a portion of your funding. 

Mind you, this is not an easy sale.  It’s going to take a skilled salesperson to pull it off, and a lot of research into why someone like this person who owns the car dealerships would want to invest in your project. 

Thank you for reading! If you found this content valuable, check out my FREE film business resource pack. It’s got a free e-book on the indiefilm biz featuring 21 articles around similar issues covered in my blog. Around half of those articles can’t be found anywhere else. Additionally, you’ll get an indiefilm deck template you can use to create a deck for investors, contact tracking templates, form letters, and a whole lot more! Check it out below.

The 5 Windows of DIY Distribution

Not every film is well suited for traditional distribution. Most market distributors have a saying for what they’re looking for, “Bullets and Babes.” So if you’ve made a film that doesn’t fit the hot genres and doesn’t have any notable talent, you’re going to need to plan your distribution carefully. Luckily, there are tools that can help you make the most out of your DIY distribution. Here’s a top-level view of them.

Window 1: Promote and get Partners to help you

Whether we’re talking about traditional distribution or self-distribution, phase one is always to spread awareness of your film. It’s generally best for this to start in the early stages of making your film. However, it’s never too late to get started.

First seek out partners with expertise in traditional distribution, online marketing, and festival promotion. They can help you minimize costs and maximize your efficacy. They’ll also help you build and engage with your community. You should also retain a publicist if you can afford it, as it’s generally the best marketing money you can spend.

After that, start submitting to smaller festivals and those that fit whatever niche your film falls into. If you made a film about environmental issues, there are a lot of green film festivals. If you happen to be an Asian American there are festivals that were created for you as well, including CAAMfest. If you made an LGBTQ film, then there are quite a lot of festivals available to you. If you’re in SF, the big fish is Frameline.

No matter what, make sure to submit to your local festivals. You can start a loyal fan base and grow hometown recognition by submitting to these festivals. Often, they’re easier to get into. This is less true if you’re in San Francisco or a major hub. If you are, you might want to target the newer film festivals.

These festivals won’t do much for you in terms of traditional distribution. The only ones that will are the top tier festivals, I.E. Cannes, Sundance, Toronto, Tribeca, and SXSW, and most of the top 20 Genre festivals like Frightfest, FantasiaFest, or similar. If you can get into any of those, then your chances for traditional distribution go up substantially. Although, it’s not likely you’ll get in. Here’s a chart on Sundance submissions vs. acceptances for documentaries as it’s the best image I could find. The numbers for the narrative are in the same ballpark.

Feel free to submit to the next top tier festival that’s coming up. The submissions are not incredibly expensive, and if you get in the career boost is substantial. Since they require premier status, you might even want to hold back accepting a place in any of the other festivals. That said, if you don’t get into that first one don’t wait for the next one. Start taking festival spots, once they’re more than a year old, they’re a lot harder to sell. Films are not evergreen. ​

Window 2: High Touch PPVOD and DVDs in Store

​As soon as you get into a single festival, get your film on Allied Vaugn, VHX, and Vimeo On Demand. There will be an up front cost for most of those. Potentially as much as about 300 to 500 USD All in.

Vimeo On Demand and VHX (Now Vimeo OTT) are VOD platforms that merged a while back. I prefer VHX, but we’ll see what happens in the coming months after the merger. They’re both 90/10 splits, with the 90 going to the filmmaker. Vimeo requires up front fees, VHX currently does not, unless you upload A LOT of content. That said, they’re not available on as many platforms as accessible as something like iTunes or google play. Additionally, they’re not great about helping with Marketing. But retaining the 90/10 split is much better to earn some money for your creation. VHX also lets you keep track of people who buy your video and even add their emails to your list.

Allied Vaugn is a DVD wholesaler. It’s the platform used by booksellers large and small, as well as many other brick-and-mortar content-selling businesses. You’d be surprised where you end up with your content on Ingram. *COUGH*

This window should be done concurrently with the first window. When your project gets into a festival, make sure to call local DVD retailers and bookstores to let them know that your film is in a local festival and they can get your DVD on Ingram. Make sure you include local stores with your DVD on your handouts, as well as the VHX and Vimeo URLs. You’d be surprised what support you can drum up. You could include a QR code, but hardly anyone uses them.

Window 3 –Broad TVOD

Around the same time of your initial VOD release, towards the end of your festival run you should consider hiring an aggregator and getting your film on iTunes and Google Play. Depending on which aggregator you use, you may want to do Amazon Video Direct yourself, since it’s relatively easy.

It’s nearly impossible to get on iTunes without an Aggregator. You’ll want to pick your aggregator carefully since some have been guilty of severe financial mismanagement.

It will take up to 6 months to get it placed on most TVOD services, so plan accordingly. Amazon Video Direct is pretty quick, with a turnaround of only a few days or at worst weeks the last time I did it.

Make sure you do your research on aggregators, In general, I’ve found Filmhub and Bitmax to be the best, but that might change by the time you read this. Allied Vaugn can get you on some TVOD platforms and more AVOD platforms as well.

Window 4 — SVOD

After about 6–9 months on Broad TVOD, it’s time to boost your brand by getting your film on Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, Paramount+ some others. You won’t get much money for this, but you will get a lot of visibility. You’ll need connections through Distributor, Producer’s Rep, Talent Agent, or maybe a sales agent for this one, as they don’t take open submissions. Additionally, this is far from guaranteed, they generally only take fewer than 1 in 10 of the films they’re pitched.

The real point of this is to build your brand for your next film. If you want to build something better, telling investors your last film is on Netflix helps them understand that you are experienced and tested.

Window 5 — AVOD/Loss leader

If you can’t get an SVOD Deal, or once the exclusivity period expires you should work with your aggregator to get the film on as many Ad-Supported Video On Demand outlets as you can. This can often be the most profitable window for independent films, at least as of this writing. Again, as of this writing, Tubi has the most viewers and as such tends to pay the best.

You’ll need to go through an aggregator, distributor, sales agent, or tastemaker who has a vendor license with Tubi or whatever platform you want to be on. You should consider giving the film away for free on your website, and perhaps even youtube or regular Vimeo.

This window is likely to be 3–4 years after release. Personally, I prefer giving away streams in exchange for an email. This will help you if you want to crowdfund a movie, or when you release your next film for windows 1 and 2. If you want to know how that would work, it would probably look really similar to the process you’ll see from signing up for my resource package down below! Take yourself through it for a UX guide, and you’ll also get some templates and a free e-book for doing so. It’s truly a Win-Win!

Check out the tags below for more FREE related content!

Diversification and soft incentves in the film industry.

In this blog series, we’ve been talking a lot about why filmmakers would invest in an independent Film.  Sadly, if you go by numbers alone the answer is that they shouldn’t.  Film investment is an unpredictable, volotile, high risk endeavor.  But, if you’re the type that isn’t scared by that, there are some reasons to considerer it.  Sure, it will probably never make you as much money as tech, but it might has other benefits that aren’t offered by tech investment.

1. Smaller Potential Downside

If a Tech company fails to exit, generally you’re out everything you put in.  Films exit once they’re completed, and investors begin recouping when they do.    Further, a smart filmmaker won’t fund their project solely by equity, si the investor is more likely to get their money back.  So, while you may not have be able to find a decacorn, the potential to lose everything you put in is somewhat less likely.  It can be even less likely if you invest in finishing funds.  

2. Tax Credits

Nobody likes to pay Uncle Sam, most people would rather see their name in lights than pay the government.   Many states offer a tax incentive to get filmmakers to attract productions outside of territory.  Often, those incentives are structures as tax credits an investor could buy at about 85-90 cents on the dollar.   Other commissions offer it as a rebate that goes back to the filmmakers and subsequently back to the investors, if it’s not re-invested to finish the film.  

3. Diversification

A strong investment portfolio is a diversified investment portfolio.  Some industries do better than others when times are tough.  Historically, Film is a sector that’s somewhat reversely dependent on the economy.  That means when there’s a downturn, film investments sometimes do better.  The period of greatest growth was in the great depression, and until recently it’s still been one of the least expensive ways to get out of the house.  

But will that continue to be true?  Perhaps not.  Theater sales are continually declining, and DVD sales are in the toilet.   However, in todays world, most independent films never get a theatrical release.  if they can market themselves to the right audience, they can still make sales to people in their homes, for less than a cup of coffee.  Admittedly that marketing job is no small feat.

Even if you don’t want to invest in social activism, you can enable an artist to create something that brings joy into the hearts of countless people.  Sometimes by scaring the pants off of them.  The arts are more than just storytelling, they help us communicate who we are as a people.  In many ways I know more about Luke Skywalker than I do about my uncle, and more about Harry Potter than most of the people I went to my real high school with.  These cultural touchstones have a huge impact on who we are as a society.  

The US is terrible about helping to fund the arts and culture, so to some degree it comes down to society itself to perpetuate it’s own culture.  If you can afford to help filmmakers make better movies, you should consider it

4. Supporting Arts and Culture

While every cultural or artistic entrepreneur should learn how to make their money back, it’s not the sole purpose of any cultural or artistic endeavor.   It’s about communicating an idea, perhaps for entertainment or perhaps to spend a different level of consciousness.  

If there’s a cause you care about, you should fund some filmmakers looking to do more to spread awareness of that cause.  Then when you tell your friends to watch it to share your views, you also get the benefit of making a sale.  Many ideas were only able to take root through the power of mass media.  ​

5. Non-monetary incentives.

We all have hobbies, most of them cost us far more than they make us.   If you’re the sort of person who can afford to lose 5 figures here or there, investing in films can be very interesting.  if you can’t afford quite that much, you may want to look into different funds.  I’m in the process of starting one, you can find out more here. 

Some of my best friends became my friends because we talked about the money behind the film industry.  These non-monetary incentives might even be useful sooner than you would think.  If you start networking with filmmakers you may even get a deal when it comes time to make your next whiteboard video from the filmmakers you invested in.  ​

6. Do something other people aren’t

I hear you.  that Nerd you were shouting in #4 has been replaced by hipster.  Don’t worry, you’re about to go back to nerd, since I’m going to lay some science on ya.  If we look at the general attractiveness of beards, we learn that as they’re less common, they’re more attractive.  Now, whether or not to invest in film is a multifaceted concept.  I’m not saying ti will help you find a lady, (or gentleman,) but I am saying that it’s almost certain to start an interesting conversation.  

If you’re at a Silicon Valley Networking event, it’s important to seem like a very interesting person.  The same is true for any party.  Attraction is somewhat based on scarcity, so you want to stand out from the pack.  Investing in films is a good way to do that.   You never know how it might help you stand out from the pack and talk to that person over by the bar with their eye on you, be it for your interesting investment or your beard.  

7.   Glitz and Glamour

If you’re a tech investor, you may have made a lot of investments that made you a very good return.  Some of them may have been solely for the strong potential for ROI, or because the entrepreneurs could execute and build something that made a return.  It could have changed the world of B2B Payroll invoicing.  But while those make a difference in the lives of many myself included, it’s not really exciting.  

Film is different.  You get to meet interesting creative people.   You get to talk about things other than how that API with that box shaped thing that processes your payments isn’t working as you planned, or the calendar integration isn’t as easy as it should be.  You get to see what happens on set, or what it was like meeting that guy from that Quinten Tarantino movie for a day.  And when you’re done, you can talk to the people at the tech event and share some awesome stories. 

Thanks for reading.  I’ll be back with more next week about why more people don’t invest in film.   In the meantime, if you want to consider investing in film, try joining Slated.   They’re a great resource to help you find projects that give you the best chance at a return.   While all of the things above are great, they’re not worth losing every cent you put in.  Slated helps you rate your projects, and find the ones with the best chance of success.

This entire 7-part series examines why film is an unsustainable investment.  Part of the reason for the lack of sustainability is the fact that not enough producers understand the investment metrics of the film industry, and not enough filmmakers understand the business side of their craft.  To help counter this, I offer all of these blogs plus a FREE film market resource pack on you can get by clicking below. If you want to take your career to the next level, the resources it has in it are a great place to start. Plus you’ll get monthly blog digests with recommended reading to help you parse through the 100+ blogs on my site and more easily reference them when you need them.  

Can a Film Slate Make More than a Tech Portfolio?

Edit from the future: Maybe, but probably not, and don’t count on it.

In a quote often attributed to Albert Einstein, “The most powerful force in the universe is compound interest.” He also called it “The 8th wonder of the world, he who understands it, earns it.  He who doesn’t pays it.”  In this post, we’re going to be examining how we can use the notion of compound interest in comparison to tech and film investments.  

In the previous installment, we looked at the average ROI of a film slate vs. an early stage tech portfolio.   Here’s what we came up with before.  For the full tables and Metrology, check out last week’s post.

Unfortunately, the numbers don’t look good for film.  By the math above, we can see that tech portfolios make on average of 7.5X what a film slate would over their lifespans.

But, film does have one advantage over tech.  The amount of time that it takes for a film to recoup [if it’s going to] is much shorter than what it would take for a tech exit would be.  

For instance, the average time from when an Angel becomes involved in a project to when they see their money back is around 12 years.  For a film to at least start recouping investment, that time period is around 2-3 years, if it’s done well and distribution is planned from the beginning.

Why is that?  Generally, for a tech investor to get their money back, the company they invested in has to either be acquired by a larger company or make an initial public offering [IPO] and be listed on a stock exchange.  Sometimes an investor will be able to list their stock on a secondary exchange, but that’s a little beyond the scope of this article.  Acquisitions tend to happen more quickly than IPOs, but there’s generally less money and less prestige. 

​Given that the size of venture capital [as opposed to angel investment] rounds have ballooned in the last decade, many venture capital firms are pushing their companies to IPO instead of be acquired.  This may make the time from an early round angel investment to exit take even longer than the 12 years mentioned above.

Films, on the other hand, start getting some of their money back shortly after they start distributing the film.  If the filmmakers get a minimum guarantee [MG] they may get a decent check up front.  If they don’t, they may not, and it may take an additional year or so to start getting their money back.  I should note MGs are more the exception than the rule. 

So for this exercise, we’re going to look at the APR of both a technology investment portfolio and a film slate.  We’re going to make the assumption that both investments are early stage, since the angel round for a technology company is very early in the investment process, generally directly after the friends and family round.  Later rounds are generally dominated by institutional investment firms.  A similar scenario can be said about film.  Most angels from other industries get involved very early, since they don’t have contacts with completed projects.  

Since revenue from a film tends to come in over time, we’ll count the lifespan of a film investment to be 3-5 years as opposed to the 2-3 years mentioned above.  3-5 years should be enough time for 60-80% of a films total revenue to come in on average. As such, since this series is largely a thought experiment we’re going to think the general earnings of a film to come in overt that shortened timeframe. Tech exits on the other hand generally come with a large lump sum for the investor after a quite a long time that may be getting longer, we’re going to do the math based on 12-14 years to exit for a tech company. Some do come in much faster, but some films also get bought out for millions after 18 months. They’re outliers and not generally worth accounting for when planning to pitch an investor.

Tech portfolio APR

When we compare APRs, this is starting to look a little more reasonable, but still not great.   When we compare the APR of a film as opposed to a technology company, we’re only looking at around a 1.5X to 3X instead of a 7.5X differential.  Unfortunately, looking at things through this lens raises other issues, in that the average mutual fund pays out around 5-7% APR, depending on the health of the entire economy.  

Could a savvy investor do any better?  Perhaps.  ​

Everything we’ve been looking at so far has assumed that all of these investments were early stage.  If it were a tech investment, we’d say Seed or Series A, in film, we’ve been assuming these investments take us out of development and into preproduction.  But what if we were to include completion funding and distribution funding in the portfolio?  I would do a similar analysis for technology companies, however, given that the VCs and hedge funds dominate that world due to the amount of capital needed. In days and years past, these stages would be overwhelmingly covered by distributors, but that’s nowhere near as true as it used to be. This leaves a hole for an investor to come in and increase their potential returns while lowering their risk exposure.

The assumptions I’ve made on the chart above are that the slate would be made up of half of finishing/distribution funds, and half of the early-stage investments.  As such, the risks are far lower, and since much of the later stage debt may be done in the form of debt as opposed to equity, we can assume not a huge amount of loss on those investments.  Also, since the film needs to be finished and not made from the start, the time for the recoupment of these funds is greatly lessened.  With that in mind, we'll assume that the bulk of these returns come in from 3-4 years instead of 3-5.  

I'd like to take this opportunity to remind you that none of this is meant to be scientifically accurate, but rather a very good estimate and approximation of what these slates could look like given the right set of circumstances.  Take these numbers with a grain of salt, just as you should any revenue projections from a pre-seed stage startup or revenue projections from a filmmaker.  This also should not be considered financial advice, nor a solicitation for sort of funding.

Admittedly, these numbers are highly speculative, [See disclaimer on part 1] but the right team backing up the right filmmakers may make it possible.  Given I work with investors, I should state these do not constitute any legal documentation, it’s really just a theoretical exercise to help compare two asset classes. Again, not a solicitation.

By creating a slate investment that includes completion funding as part of the investment mix, we lessen the risk and decrease the time to getting the money back.   How does that affect the APR?

With the inclusion of completion funding in a portfolio, the APR of a film slate is looking relatively competitive.  If you’re an investor, you may be asking yourself, “Well if it makes that big a difference why not focus only on completion funding?”  It’s a great question, there are many funds that do.  So many in fact, that the playing field is getting fairly crowded.  Especially when you compare it to the other funds that focus on development throughout the film industry.

If a fund only offers completion funding, It would be difficult to establish the long-term relationships with the emerging talent necessary to make an organization like this work.   It would also be harder to attract high-end prospects for bigger films with more recognizable names.   If a fund does a mixture of the two, it can be a very good way to find new filmmakers and help them pass the goalpost on their first film.  Once they’ve done that, you can start to work with them on future projects at an earlier stage.  By doing this, the fund creates a better vetting process and attracts higher-end talent. 

With that in mind, a mix of investments seems to further the goals of the organization and the industry in a much more cohesive manner.   It also starts to sound a lot like Staged Investments, like Seed Stage, Series A, B, C, and the like.  Don’t worry, we’ll have a much more in-depth conversation about this later in the series, as well as a couple of other blogs on the site tagged “Staged Financing”

But first, We’re going to talk about some of the excitement associated with both of these types of investment.  The Decacorns and Breakouts. That blog can be found below. Again, for legal reasons I need to state that none of this should be considered financial or legal advice, as I am not a lawyer nor a financial advisor. Further, this is not a solicitation for funding or investment.

The only thing I will solicit you to do before finishing up this beast is a blog is to join my mailing list so you can grab my free film business resource package. (segues, eh?) It includes a FREE Deck template to help you talk to the investors you’re probably considering approaching if you’re reading this. It’s also got a free e-book, and other money and time-saving resources. Check it out below.

What does a Producer’s Rep Do Anyway?

As stated in the article What's the difference between a sales agent and a distributor, one of the most common questions I get is What does a producer’s Rep Do?  Since that post teaches the major distribution players are by type, (you should read it first.) I will now thoroughly answer what a producer’s rep does.  
​
Simply put, a Producer’s rep is a mix between a PMD and an executive producer.   A Producer’s Rep takes on a lot of the business development jobs for a film.  We wear a lot of hats.  Most often we'll connect filmmakers with completed projects to sales agents and negotiate the best possible deal.  We're skilled negotiators with a deep knowledge of the film distribution scene, and entrenched connections there.   

Would you rather watch or listed to a video instead of reading an article? Check out this video on my youtube channel for most of the same information.

If a producer's rep comes on in the beginning, we’ll do the job of an executive producer.  We'll help you finance the film in the best way possible.  not just through equity investment, but planning proper utilization of tax incentives, pre-sales, crowdfunding, occasional product placement, and sometimes helping to connect you to some of our angel contacts.   That said, if we’ve never met, you have no track record and want us to start raising money for you, that probably won’t happen.   

​Not all producer’s reps will work with first-time directors and producers, I will, but generally only on completion or near the end of post-production.   I will not help someone who I have not worked with before garner investment for their projects, except in very limited circumstances.  I will help filmmakers get their financial mix in order.  If a rep makes connections for investment, we need to know if the filmmakers I'm working with can deliver a quality product and get our investment contacts their money back.

A Good Producer’s Rep will also be able to act as a PMD, or at least refer you to a good one.   We don't just work in traditional distribution, but we can help plan and implement other tactics including proper use of VOD.  We’ll help you plan your marketing and distribution, then we’ll tell you how to implement it, helping you along the way.   We’ll help you develop the best package in order to mitigate the risk taken by our investors. If we do bring on investors, you’d best believe we’re with you through the end of the project, to make sure that everyone ends up better off.   We’ll check in and act as a coach to help you grow to the next level.   

In a lot of ways, we’re agents for producers and films. Good reps, like good agents, won’t just think about this project, they’ll help you use your projects to move to the next step in your career.

So how do you pay a Producer’s Rep? Since the services we offer are so varied, our pay scale is as well.   Some things are based primarily on commission. Sometimes that commission will come with a small[ish] non-refundable deposit that would be things like connecting to distribution. That commission is generally around 10%, but can range between 5-15%.   Some things [like document and plan creation] are a flat fee, others are hourly plus commission on completion. That would apply primarily to packaging. 

It is worth noting that not all producers reps are trustworthy.  There are some that charge 5 figures upfront with no guarantee of performance. Admittedly, no one can guarantee they can sell your film, or get it financed investment.  If they guarantee it and ask for a large upfront payment, you should be very wary of them.  However, there are some with a strong track record of doing so.  Just as you would when talking with sales agents, talk to people who have worked with them in the past.  

Most reps will give you a discount based on doing multiple services.  Remember to check last week's post for an idea of what each major player in indiefilm distribution Does! 

If reading this made you think you want a producer’s rep, check out the Guerrilla Rep Media Services section!

If you like this content but aren’t ready to look into hiring us, but would like educational content you should for my Resources list to receive monthly blog digests segmented by topic. Additionally, you’ll get a FREE E-book of The Entrepreneurial Producer, plus a heaping helping of templates and money-saving resources to make your job finding money or the right distribution partner significantly easier.

What’s the Difference between a Sales Agent and Distributor?

As a Producer’s Rep, one of the questions I get asked the most is what exactly do I do?   The term is somewhat ubiquitous and often mean different things to different people.   So I thought it might be a good idea to settle the matter.   In this post, I’ll outline what a producer’s rep is, and how we interact with sales agents, investors, filmmakers, and direct distribution channels. But first, we need a little background on some of the terms we’ll be using, and what they mean.   These terms vary a bit depending on who you ask, but this is what I’ve been able to gather.

Would you rather watch/listen than read? Here’s a video on the same subject from my Youtube Channel.

Like and Subscribe! ;)

​DISTRIBUTOR / BUYER

A distributor is someone who takes the product to an end user.   This can be anything a buyer for a theater chain, a PayTV channel, a VOD platform, to an entertainment media buyer for a large retail chain like Wal-Mart, Target, or Best Buy.  The rights Distributors take are generally broken up both by media type and by territory.  

For Instance, if you were to sell a film to someone like Starz, they would likely take at least the US PayTV and SVOD rights, so that it could stream on premium television and their own app which appears on other SVOD services like Amazon Prime, or Hulu. They make take additional territories as well. 

Conversely, it’s not uncommon to sell all of France or Germany in one go. It should are often sold by the language, so sometimes French Canada will sell with France. This is less common as of late.

Generally, these entities will pay real money via a wire transfer, and almost deal directly only with a sales agent. Although sometimes to a producer’s rep, and VOD platforms will generally deal with an aggregator.   The traditional model of film finance is built around presales to these sorts of entities, but that presale model has recently shifted.   

Recently, more sales agents have begun distributing in their territory of origin. XYZ is a good example of this. Some distributors have branched out into international sales. This is something that we did while I was at the Helm of Mutiny Pictures, to allow us to deal with filmmakers directly in a more comprehensive way.

Sales Agents

A Sales agent is a person or company with deep connections in the world of international sales. They specialize in segmenting and selling rights to individual territories. Often, they will be distributors themselves within their country of origin.   This business is entirely relationship based, and the sales agents who have been around a while have very long-term business relationships with buyers all around the world.   That’s why they travel to all of the major film markets.

Examples on the medium-large end would be Magnolia Pictures international, Tri-Coast Entertainment, and Multivissionaire. WonderPhil is up and coming as well, as is OneTwoThree Media.   Lionsgate and Focus Features would also be considered distributors/sales agents, but they’re very hard to approach. They also both focus on Distribution over sales.

​Generally, these sales specialists will work on commission. They may offer a minimum guarantee when you sign the film but that is not common unless you have names in your movie. Generally, they will charge recoupable expenses which mean you won’t see any money until after they’re recouped a certain amount. In general, these expenses will range between 10k and 30k, with the bulk falling between 20 and 25k. If it’s higher than 30k without a substantial screen guarantee, you should probably find another sales agent. There are ways around this, but I’ll have to touch on this in a later blog [or book].

​A sales agent commission will be between 20% and 35%, this is variable depending on several factors, but generally 25% or under is generally good, and over 30% is a sign you should read more into this sales agent. Lately, this has been trending towards 20% with a slight uptick in expenses.

Aggregators

​Aggregators are companies that help you get on VOD platforms.   The most important service they provide is helping you conform to technical specifications required by various VOD platforms. This job is not as easy as you would think it is, which is why they charge so much.   Additionally, they have better access to some VOD platforms than others. These days, it’s very difficult to get on iTunes or most platforms other than Amazon’s Transactional section without one.

Generally, aggregators charge a not insubstantial fee to get you on these platforms, and they offer little to help you market the project. Companies like this include Bitmax and arguably filmhub or IndieRights.

There are merits to going this this route, but they can be expensive, often costing about one thousand USD upfront and growing from there. If they operate on a commission like Filmhub or Indierights, they won’t help you with marketing so you’ll have to spend a decent amount there in order to get your film seen.

Producer of Marketing & Distribution (PMD)

​In the words of Former ICM agent Jim Jeramanok, PMDs are worth their weight in gold. A PMD is a producer who helps you develop your marketing and social media strategy, your Festival strategy, and your distribution strategy.   They’re also quite likely to have some connections in distribution.   They’re there to give your film the best possible chance at making money when it’s done.

Generally, they’re paid just as any other producer would be, but if they’re good, they’re worth every penny. With a good PMD on board, your project’s chances for monetary success are exponentially better.   

​If you’re an investor reading this, you want any film you invest in to at least have access to a PMD or Producer’s Rep, if not a preferred sales agent or at least domestic distribution. (Not Financial Advice)

Executive Producer (EP)

In the independent film world, these are producers who are hyper-focused on the business of independent film. They either help raise money to make the film, or they help bring money back to those who put money into it in the first place. As such, the traditional definition in of an indiefilm executive producer is someone who helps you package projects by attaching, bankable talent, investors, or other forms of financing.    They’ll also help you design a beneficial financial mix, [I.E. where can you best utilize tax incentives, presales, brand integration, and equity, and gap debt.] in order to help your project have the best chance of success. They can also play a significant role in distribution. The latter is where most of my EP credits come from.

Often, they’ll take a percentage of what they raise or what they bring in. sometimes they’ll require a retainer, but most of the time they should have some degree of deliverables such as business plans, decks, or similar as part of that.   These fees should not be huge, but they will be enough to give you pause due to the amount of specialized work involved in doing these jobs.

Producer’s Reps

I’ll go into this much more deeply next week, But Producer’s Reps are essentially a connector between all of these sorts of people and companies.  Producer’s Reps will connect you do sales agents, aggregators, buyers, and investors. But more than that, a good one will help you figure out how and when to contact each one. Most often, they’re credited as an executive producer or a consulting producer as the PGA does not have a separate title that applies to this particular skillset. For a more detailed analysis of what exactly a Producer's Rep does, Check out THIS BLOG!

Thank you so much for reading! If you found it useful, please share it to your social media or with your friends IRL. If you want more content like this in your inbox segmented by month, you should sign up for my resources pack. I send out blog digests covering the categories and tags on this site once per month. You’ll also get a free EBook of The entrepreneurial producer with this blog and 20 other articles in it, as well as templates, form letters, and money-saving resources for busy producers.

If this all seems like a lot, and you need your own personal docent to guide you through the process, check out the Guerrilla Rep Media Services page. If you’d rather just get a map or an audio tour and explore the industry on your own, the products page might have some useful books or courses for you. Finally, if you just appreciate the content and want to support it, check out my Patreon and substack.

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7 Ways to become a leader in your Filmmaking (or Any) community

In any community, there are members who get more done than others. Some people rise to the top of the pile, while others tread water and don’t move their projects forward. Some people are only tolerated in their community, while others become leaders. It’s not random, the people who become community leaders do certain things to set themselves apart from the pack.

Successful entrepreneurs and filmmakers have a way of becoming leaders in their communities. The qualities required for both are remarkably similar. What are those qualities you ask? Fear, not my intrepid reader, what follows is a list of the 7 ways to become a leader in your filmmaking (or any) community.

1. Show up.

The old adage of half the battle is showing up is very true. If you always show up, then the community will begin to know you. After a while, you’ll become a face. You’ll get to know the other members of the community. If you’re always there then the organizers will eventually trust you with more responsibility. As you become more ingrained in the community, you will naturally figure out how the community functions. Once you know how the community functions, you can begin to become a leader within it.

2. Learn People’s Names

I’ll admit that I’m kind of bad at this one, but it really does make a difference. When you can greet a person by their name, then you’re going to forge a much better connection and business relationship with them. It can be hard to remember everyone’s names when you meet a lot of people at a networking event, but it really is worth the time and mental energy.

3. Actively participate

If you want to become a leader, you need to be noticed. It’s been said that only about 1 in 10 members of a community actively create content for it. If you sit in a corner and mess around on your phone, no one is going to notice you. If you ask intelligent questions, you become a part of the conversation. Take the time to actively participate, and you’ll be amazed at what it will do for your career.

4. Connect Both Online and Offline

If you only see members of your community once a month at whatever event you all frequent, your ties to them won’t be that strong. Assuming we’re talking about a professional community, connecting on LinkedIn will be the best place to do this. Google Plus and Twitter can also be good. Once you’ve known someone for a while, Facebook might not be a bad idea but you might want to add them to different lists in order to keep your personal and professional lives separate.

5. Don’t make it all about you.

The essence of community is being a part of something larger than yourself. Unfortunately, many people only take part in communities because they feel like they can get something out of it for their own personal projects. If you focus not only on your needs, but the needs of others, then you’re going to be able to get a lot farther in your community. Successful people never forget the ones who helped them get there. Not everyone you help will be successful, but if you help enough people then some of them will.

6. Help others before you ask for help.

If you have the resources and ability to help someone, you should. Time is one of those resources, so I’m not saying let your own projects or health fall by the wayside. However, helping people is key to building social capital.

7. Celebrate the successes of your community

If something good happens to someone in your community, celebrate it. Be happy for your community members who find success. Being envious of people for their achievements will prevent you from furthering your own goals. Negativity only creates more negativity. Luckily, the same can be said for positivity. If something big happens within the community, then share it. Revel in it. Take pride that you’re part of a community that is making things happen.

People remember how others respond to their success. Having found some level of success myself, I can tell you far too many respond with envy. They respond by tearing you down because they feel threatened by your success. Those people are toxic, and you need to associate yourself with people who will celebrate your successes. The only way to surround yourself with those types of people is to be one yourself.

Don’t worry about sounding professional. Sound like you. There are over 1.5 billion websites out there, but your story is what’s going to separate this one from the rest. If you read the words back and don’t hear your own voice in your head, that’s a good sign you still have more work to do.

Be clear, be confident and don’t overthink it. The beauty of your story is that it’s going to continue to evolve and your site can evolve with it. Your goal should be to make it feel right for right now. Later will take care of itself. It always does.

Thanks for reading! This blog is one of 21 articles included in The Entrepreneurial Producer. As part of the celebration of the relaunch of my website, I’m giving that Ebook away FOR FREE as part of my film business resource package. In addition to that FREE e-book, you’ll also get some other templates, form letters, as well as money and time-saving resources. You’ll even get monthly digests covering industry topics you’ll need to know to be a successful producer.

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